Essay --

Stalins RiseWhat stiff tactics did Joseph Stalin procedure to rise to power?Emily Goetz3-10-2014Word Count4th hourQuestionWhat effective tactics did Joseph Stalin use to rise to power?Thesis Over the course of several years, Stalin consolidated his power through the use of political scheming, maintaining a right image, and by out-maneuvering his opposition in the Communist Party.A. Plan of Investigation Over the course of several years, Stalin established his power through the use of political scheming, maintaining a respectable image, and by out-maneuvering his opposition in the Communist Party. Stalins rise shows the importance of how political figures maneuver their way to the top and how a dictator achieves legitimacy. In the future, when leaders are rising, they can be compared to Stalins and stopped if there are close similarities in ruthlessness. This paper is narrowed to Stalins rise to discover elaborate on several of the tactics Stalin used to obtain powe r. I need to find videos from history to show what Stalin was like physically around others. I need to locate speeches, and perhaps recording by other party members about Stalin to show Stalins ruthlessness.B. Summary of Evidence Stalin was drawn into the citys revolutionary circles after discovering the works of Karl Marx (McKinney). In 1903, the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party split into two, known as the Bolsheviks and the Mensheviks. Stalin joined the Bolsheviks, led by Vladimir Lenin. Between 1902 and 1913 Stalin was arrested and sent into Siberia seven times (Haugen). Between exiles Stalin continued work for the Bolsheviks and met Lenin for the first tim... ...de sure to give only those who agreed with him any power, and eventually sexual congress was filled with a majority of Stalin supporters. When Stalins opponents took the left side, Stalin took the right and vice versa. As a result, Stalin maneuvered his way into the Party so much that he practical ly guaranteed his own success as Lenins successor. By the time the Partys core realized what had happened, it was too late, and the only person with the authority to challenge him, was on his deathbed and incapable of speech after a series of strokes. Stalin took down Leon Trotsky and in 1925, and forced Trotsky to resign from the party. Stalin exiled Trotsky from the Soviet Union in 1929, and had him assassinated in Mexico in 1940 (Stalin). Stalin knew how to use his position as an advantage, even to the point of abusing his powers, so they he could defeat his opponents.

Is Homeschooling a Better Choice? Essay -- Education School Essays

Is firmschooling a cave in Choice?He is up with the sun, ready to go. He waits patiently for his brothers and sisters, but today is the first day of school and he is eager to start on his studies. All of the children are assembled in the front residence as the big, yellow school bus zooms past their house. None of the children seem to notice. Instead, the group of eager students publication into their schoolroom to greet their teacher, also known as Mom.Even as early as the turn of the century, children were a good deal taught at home by their parents. well-nigh often, this was because of the need of help on the family furthermostm, location, or the neediness of money. The description above, however, is one of a modern family. Home schooling is the fastest growing idea in education in the United States and beyond, in such(prenominal) countries as England, Canada, New Zealand, and Australia. (Blumenfeld 1)Probably the most asked question of homeschooling is, Why? Many parents feel the guardians of homeschooled children have strip those children of social intelligence. They may feel that the children are interpreted away and are isolated for all their childhood years. This idea couldnt be more far from the truth. Parents homeschool their children because they care about the education they receive. They know the everyday school system is in trouble. So much so, things such as becoming intellectually lame and seriously handicapped are effective for 40 to 60 percent of schoolchildren. This academic problem is due to the educational means and methods public schoolchildren are brought up on. Reading disabilities diagnosed later on in life, such as dyslexia and attention deficit disorder can be caused by these teaching methods. ADD is often treated by the drug R... ...oses. (Blumenfeld 112-116)Homeschooling isnt reasonable an idea its a way of life. The parents know their children, and kids learn naturally, with out any help, so act their interests throug h one on one interaction could only be good on them. Children learn so much more about the piece around when they can be active participants in it. This is an idea that is long overdue.Works CitedBlumenfeld, Samuel L. Homeschooling A Parents Guide to Teaching Children. Secaucus, N.J. Carol publish Group, 1997.Dobson, Linda. The Homeschooling Book of Answers. Rocklin, CA Prima Publishing, 1998.How to Get Started Homeschooling. Home School House. 1998. www.geocities.com/perkinshome/page54.html.Indiana Department of Education.Shackelford, Luanne, and Susan White. A Survivors Guide to Home Schooling. Wheaton, Illinois Crossway Books, 1988. Is Homeschooling a Better Choice? Essay -- Education School EssaysIs Homeschooling a Better Choice?He is up with the sun, ready to go. He waits patiently for his brothers and sisters, but today is the first day of school and he is eager to start on his studies. All of the children are assembled in the front foyer as the big, yellow school bus zooms past their house. None of the children seem to notice. Instead, the group of eager students proceeds into their schoolroom to greet their teacher, also known as Mom.Even as early as the turn of the century, children were often taught at home by their parents. Most often, this was because of the need of help on the family farm, location, or the lack of money. The description above, however, is one of a modern family. Home schooling is the fastest growing idea in education in the United States and beyond, in such countries as England, Canada, New Zealand, and Australia. (Blumenfeld 1)Probably the most asked question of homeschooling is, Why? Many parents feel the guardians of homeschooled children have deprived those children of social intelligence. They may feel that the children are taken away and are isolated for all their childhood years. This idea couldnt be more far from the truth. Parents homeschool their children because they care about the education they rece ive. They know the public school system is in trouble. So much so, things such as becoming intellectually crippled and seriously handicapped are effective for 40 to 60 percent of schoolchildren. This academic problem is due to the educational means and methods public schoolchildren are brought up on. Reading disabilities diagnosed later on in life, such as dyslexia and attention deficit disorder can be caused by these teaching methods. ADD is often treated by the drug R... ...oses. (Blumenfeld 112-116)Homeschooling isnt just an idea its a way of life. The parents know their children, and kids learn naturally, with out any help, so continuing their interests through one on one interaction could only be good on them. Children learn so much more about the world around when they can be active participants in it. This is an idea that is long overdue.Works CitedBlumenfeld, Samuel L. Homeschooling A Parents Guide to Teaching Children. Secaucus, N.J. Carol Publishing Group, 1997.Dobson, Li nda. The Homeschooling Book of Answers. Rocklin, CA Prima Publishing, 1998.How to Get Started Homeschooling. Home School House. 1998. www.geocities.com/perkinshome/page54.html.Indiana Department of Education.Shackelford, Luanne, and Susan White. A Survivors Guide to Home Schooling. Wheaton, Illinois Crossway Books, 1988.

Dance with the Music :: essays research papers

When we think of gifts, we picture little boxes covered with shiny wrapping paper and a attractive little ribbon on top. For my ordinal birthday, my present didnt exactly fit these requirements.Sitting down in front of the piano forevery night, I can remember the timewhen one little girls dream came true. Immediately after I woke up on the day of my fifth birthday, my parents blind-folded me and led me to the dining room. Taking off the handkerchief, I stood in front of the most beautiful piano I had ever seen. In front of me was a brown, upright Wurlitzer, my very own piano. I immediately pulled out the chairfrom under the piano and opened the lid. I took a deep breath and compete Jingle Bells, the only song I could memorize at the time. Gliding my fingers over the smooth piano keys, I couldnt believe that this was actually happening. bit five, I was only interested in music. While other children would sit in front of their televisions and bug their eyes out watching Barney and Sesame Street, I became engrossed in watching tapes of ballets, concerts, and musicals. It was evident that I was a child who would grow to love music and its art however no one could ever imagine that this interest would evolve into a significance that would change my childhood forever. At around the same time, I realized that my cousin Caroline was my region model. She was a tall girl that would blow people away as soon as shestepped into a room you could sense her magnificence from a nautical mile away. Caroline was attracted to just about everything that I was, and excelled at all the things that she attempted, which included the art of piano. Once I learned that she was such a brilliant musician, I started to beg to learn how to play the piano. Most of my family members thought that this was just some childhood stage that I would quickly get over and drop. My mother brought me to my kickoff keyboard teacher, Scott. He taught me about all the essentials including the notes, their values, and some simple songs. Although I learned nothing more then the basics, I was overjoyed, treating the uncomplicated steps as gold. every(prenominal) week afterlessons, I would rush to my parents, skipping with delight, eager to show them what I had learned.

Cloning, For the Good :: essays research papers

Many arguments have been brought forth against re-create. Some have put forth valid arguments stating the immorality of cloning. Others just get bad vibes when it comes to the supposition of cloning humanity. Still others use the religion argument saying it goes against Gods intention. These arguments are well founded but are just peoples opinions and/or public opinions which dont account for everyones. My personal belief is that cloning is good for everyone. I m not saying everyone should clone themselves what I am trying to say is that cloning will greatly service humanity. Medical advances and a deeper understanding of ourselves would come with cloning if it were legalized. That would mean cloning will have a positive effect on the society as opposed to the negatives voiced by so many. Ill hope to convince you that human cloning is a good thing which we shouldnt waste time in get to develop the technology.The point of many cloning critics is that cloning humans is against the will of Providence. However, it is mentioned in the Bible that man was created in the likeness of God (Bible, 1). In hallow to be more like God, which is his will, we can duplicate what he created. God will not be displeased, but pleased with this major accomplishment. Cloning of humans is widely considered to be immoral and unethical. Many countries and legislatures have banned cloning based on the issue of morality. Allowing a barren couple to have children or to allow a couple who lost a child to have that same child again is not immoral at all. Couples can grow back, so to speak, a child who died in a car accident or a barren couple can bear children by cloning themselves if they desired. Societys morale would be unchanged since human cloning doesnt break any moral standards when closely examined. Cloning will never reach the proportions envisioned by many critics of a country that is overrun by clones. If clones were legalized many people will still not use the technology because of their positions on the subject. Raising a mindless super race or super army is not realistic seeing that a cloned human is the same as any other human. They can think and act on their own just like everybody else. Humanity will not crumble but would be closer together than ever after human cloning makes everyone examine what it means to be human.

Australian Climate Change in the Last 50,000 years Essay -- Climate We

Who were the first settlers of Australia and when did they arrive? Both questions have yet to be answered definitively. The most common view is that the Aborigenes ancestors came from southeastern Asia more than 50,000 years agone (50,000 BP). That date is based on a few sites in northern Australia where thermoluminescence-datinga technique for determining the time at which material was formed by measuring the light energy released when heating itwas used. Because a comparatively greater number of sites have been radiocarbon-dated to around 40,000 BP, ho we ver, some(a) researchers have come to doubt the accuracy of the thermoluminescence technique (indeed, thermoluminescence dating of the Jinmium site in the Northern Territory improbably suggested human settlement as advance(prenominal) as 120,000 BP). Given the dating-tools currently at the disposal of the natural sciences, the saftest imagine is to infer that the first human population believably arrived in Australia somewhere bet we en 40,000 and 50,000 yeas ago (www.wikipedia.com/wiki/Australia). One point on which there is no disagreement is that the first settlers most likely arrived during the earths last gelid period when cooler temperatures and increased glaciation lent to oceanic recession. Because the lo we red sea level effectively created great stretches of dry land almost linking Australia to Asia , it facilitated the migration of peoples to the Australian incorrupt (Lamb, 112). Admittedly, there do seem to have remained some open water straits which the people somehow managed to cross, but the majority most likely traveled by land (112). One stretch of level terrain, for example, actually joined Australia with New Guinea and enabled humans to walk into Australia for thousands of... ...adal time scales. Its ecosystems contain a large proportion of endemic (solely Australian) species, reflecting their long evolutionary history and isolation from other landmassesexcept during the last glacia l period (www.greenhouse.gov.au/science/guide/pubs/chapter1.pdf). season its population of 20 million is still concentrated on the continents coast, this is a different coastline than that on which early settlers made homes for themselves 40,000 years ago moreover, since the period of British colonization, it is a different population too. BibliographyLamb, H.H. Climate, History, and the Modern World. 2 nd ed. New York Routeledge, 1995.www.greenhouse.gov.au/science/guide/pubs/chapter1.pdfwww.rsphysee.anu.edu.au/nuclear/news_events/mediarelease1.pdfwww.wikipedia.com/wiki/Australiawww.wrc.wa.gov.au/srt/publications/landscape/resource/climate.html

Australian Climate Change in the Last 50,000 years Essay -- Climate We

Who were the first settlers of Australia and when did they arrive? Both questions have yet to be answered definitively. The most common view is that the Aborigenes ancestors came from southeast Asia more than 50,000 years ago (50,000 BP). That date is based on a few sites in northern Australia where thermoluminescence-datinga technique for determining the time at which material was formed by measuring the light energy released when heating itwas used. Because a comparatively greater number of sites have been radiocarbon-dated to around 40,000 BP, ho we ver, some researchers have come to uncertainness the accuracy of the thermoluminescence technique (indeed, thermoluminescence dating of the Jinmium site in the Northern Territory improbably suggested human settlement as early as 120,000 BP). Given the dating-tools currently at the disposal of the natural sciences, the saftest bet is to infer that the first human population likely arrived in Australia somewhere bet we en 40,000 and 5 0,000 yeas ago (www.wikipedia.com/wiki/Australia). genius point on which there is no disagreement is that the first settlers most likely arrived during the earths last glacial period when cooler temperatures and change magnitude glaciation lent to oceanic recession. Because the lo we red sea level effectively created great stretches of dry dry land almost linking Australia to Asia , it facilitated the migration of peoples to the Australian continent (Lamb, 112). Admittedly, there do count to have remained some open water straits which the people somehow managed to cross, but the majority most likely traveled by land (112). One stretch of level terrain, for example, actually joined Australia with New Guinea and enabled humans to walk into Australia for thousands of... ...adal time scales. Its ecosystems contain a large proportion of endemical (solely Australian) species, reflecting their long evolutionary history and isolation from other landmassesexcept during the last glacial period (www.greenhouse.gov.au/science/guide/pubs/chapter1.pdf). While its population of 20 jillion is still concentrated on the continents coast, this is a different coastline than that on which early settlers made homes for themselves 40,000 years ago moreover, since the period of British colonization, it is a different population too. BibliographyLamb, H.H. Climate, History, and the Modern World. 2 nd ed. New York Routeledge, 1995.www.greenhouse.gov.au/science/guide/pubs/chapter1.pdfwww.rsphysee.anu.edu.au/nuclear/news_events/mediarelease1.pdfwww.wikipedia.com/wiki/Australiawww.wrc.wa.gov.au/srt/publications/landscape/resource/climate.html

Time And Romance Essay

In his sonnets, poet and playwright William Shakespeare creates a romantic tone when describing how romantic relationships are affected over time. Vivian Tillers article Is whop really Blind? provides research to suggest that romantic relationships are affected over time because people tend to lose physical attraction to their mate. after reading both Shakespearean and Deedless works one can conclude that time has a negative effect on eff because peoples feelings change somewhat their mate overtime.One of the ideas of time that and Shakespeare presents is Love is not really love if it changes. In Sonnet 1 16, lines 2-4 Shakespeare states, love IS not love which alters when it alteration finds. This quote mean Love is not really love when the supposed feelings Of love from one or both partners change . This has to do with time because in most relationships love changes overtime. One of the ideas that Dilled presents is physical attraction impacts relationship satisfaction.In para graph number 7, Dilled states, By asking peoples at various stages of relationships how they feel about their partners appearance, we learn a mete out about underpinnings of physical attraction, an ingredient that clearly bonds men and women, but one that relationship experts rarely study. Dilled utilizes statistics to gain a better outlook on the topic. Additionally, Dilled uses entropy from the people she interviewed. Shakespearean outlook regarding love is positive but, Dilled views love by statistics and peoples personal experiences which are mostly negative.In a nutshell, Shakespeare and Dilled have Different opinions of love. Shakespeare views love found on his personal experiences, On the other hand, Dilled uses statistics and data to formulate her opinion on love. Shakespeare and Dilled are two of the many people in the world with incompatible opinions on the crush on love. Based on their theories ,a question comes to mind, is love born of the heart destined to last for ever or perhaps its subject to change as the day is to the night?

Early Christian Music Essay

Singing is an essential part of worship to God. Even the existence itself was accompanied by the recounting of morning stars (KJV, Job 387). So, music and render were a vital part of the Israel and in the Old Testament we whitethorn find numerous confirmations of this fact. Jesus Himself sang hymns with His disciples before His sufferings (Matthew 2630).During the Apostolic Era, singing in temple and synagogues still united the Jewish nation, and the apostles urged the believers to sing sing, when anyone is brisk (James 513), and in his letter to Corinthians, when he mentioned about the order in the congregation, Paul wrote that everyone of you hath a psalm, hath a doctrine (1-Corinth. 1426), where psalm is mentioned first. Psalms became the base source texts for Christian music and liturgy establishment. Christianity, which originated from the Middle East and had spread throughout the Roman Empire during the first five centuries A.D. , was founded on the basis of the Jewish religion and, therefore, its key practices, such as the sacrificial concept and worship, are rooted and were formed from the traditions and commandments of the Old Testament. The center of church building singing became Christ, the Lord. Music was not limited by canons or regulations it was simple and exalted, joining the loving souls. Love to the Savior Jesus Christ was so deep that the first Christians were aware of the tiniest flavour towards worldly and pagan influence therefore, pomp and coddle of roman music did not attracted them.The basis of singing in the early church was music of the synagogue in Jerusalem the chant of words from the Scripture. One was leading, while the whole congregation repeated him. Other Christian singings included speaking to themselves in psalms and hymns and spiritual songs, singing and fashioning melody in their hearts to the Lord (Eph. 519), which represented a two-part singing by-turn being filled with the Holy Spirit, Christians were makin g and singing new songs, like the new song to honor the Lamb in the Revelation of John. Pliny the Younger, the Roman appointee in Bithynia, in his report to the RomanEarly Christian Music Page 2 Emperor 110 A. D. , had found out that the activities of Christians are not anti-social and their meetings are simple and start with singing a hymn of praise to Christ, as God. During the Roman persecution, Christians were forced to make services in catacombs the walls of these galleries still keep the images of singers and, moreover, the texts of hymns.Monotonous music of hymns was amazing in its austerity and exaltation at the same time. Musical instruments were not allowed because of their heathen usage. On the first council of Nicaea in 325, the persecuted church became the state one. Therefore, singing and worship, staying monotonous, was supplemented with such chants as Gallican France, Mozarabic (Visigothic) Spain, Old Roman, Ambrosian, and Sarum use England (Norton, 2002) and was influenced by national differences.The second council in 381 had excluded non-Christian singing, for Christian music, enjoying the freedom for decades, had been loosing its vitality and simplicity. 100 years later, Manlius Severinus Boethius had written a five-volume book on music De institutione musica (Fundamentals of Music) where he had concluded writings and findings of Greek authors (Nicomachus, Ptolemy, Pythagoras, Euclid and Aristoxenus).Boethius had divided music into three categories musica mundane set forth the universe, planets, seasons music of the spheres musica humana described the interrelations of body and soul musica instrumentalis described music performed with the help of instrument or voice (Norton, 2002). He claimed that music must be a representation of harmony, knowledge, and order. St. Ambrose and St. Gregory the Great played the most prodigious role in the development of early Christian music they have left the patterns, which are now called Ambros ian andGregorian chants, though the founders themselves had no goal to establish a canon. Ambrose, the bishop of Milan, realized the need to enrich the monotonous hymns Early Christian Music Page 3 performance and wrote a number of hymns for his church, which reproduce the psalms of David in verses. He depicted bright images, using a manifold oratorical language of Cicerone, Horatio and Vergilius.His music was simple and well-nigh to folks one. He introduced antiphonal singing, known in Jerusalem Temple, which represents a by-turn psalm singing of soloist, while the rest of congregation is refraining (antiphon) the verses. Besides, Ambrose had put a foundation for eight voice chorus in the West. The original form of Ambrosian chant is still kept in native Milan. Pope St. Gregory I, a son of roman Senator, who refused to serve these worldly passions, and, having sold his possessions, entered the St. Andrews monastery, became the first monk, who was elected to be the pope.Being devo ted to liturgy, which was aimed at prayer and teaching, he move on the plain singing as a sacred music and stressed on the importance of church music as an outer manifestation of opinion that can raise mans heart to spiritual level. This form of monophonic chant became a standard of monastery (Office) and public (the Mass) worship, as well as other services, and had been sung by choirs. This very chant had replaced Old Roman chant in Rome and has been revised and developed until the tenth century A. D.The singing itself started with halleluiah the victorious exclamation of Christians after two and a half centuries of persecution. Its best samples were composed at the end of 5th century (between the invasions of Goths and Lombards), in the epoch of wars, destructions, plagues, famine, disasters such horrifying that Gregory supposed them to be the signs of the end and presages of the Last Judgment. Yet, this singing is filled with peace and faith for the future. Therefore, the Ear ly Christian Music was written in quantify of persecutions and hardships and was aimed to inspire and give faith to believers.That is why the chants and hymns of that time still restore the souls of mankind and are the basis for main services in the most of Christian world. Works Cited Holy Bible, King James Version. Plume, 1974. Norton, W. Music in the Early Christian Church. Concise History of Western Music. 2002. W. W. Norton & Company. 11 Apr 2008 . Ward, Justine. The Reform of Church Music. The Atlantic Monthly 04 1906 1-10. 11 Apr 2008 .

The use of recombinant technology can only benefit humans

Recombination is a way in which meiosis produces crude combinations of cistrontic information. During synapsis, chromatids may exchange parts with other chromatids, leading to a physical exchange of chromosome parts thus, genes from both p atomic number 18nts may be combined on the same chromosome, creating a new combination. Recombinant DNA technology is a series of techniques in which DNA fragments are linked to self-replicating forms of DNA to create recombinant DNA molecules. These molecules in turn are replicated in a host cell to create clones of the inserted segments.I think that recombinant technology only benefits gentlemans as it allows us much greater make over genetic manipulation, which we basis then theatrical role to our advantage. Indge, Rowland and Baker (2000) summarises some of the ways that recombinant technology has been beneficial to mans elementtically engineered micro organisms- large amounts of insulin and world growth hormone can be produced cheapl y. Genetically modified plants- Desirable plants can be transferred from an organism to a crop plant. Genetically modified animals- human proteins such as haemoglobin and blood-clotting factors, are already produced in the milk of transgenic cows, goats and sheep. Human gene therapy- gene therapy involves inserting a normal gene into an organisms body to correct a genetic disorder. Mapping human chromosomes (the Human Genome Project)- scientists in over 1000 laboratories around the world are contributing to the Human Genome Project. Their aim is to create a map of all human chromosomes, identifying the precise location of every gene. This will help to develop new gene therapy treatments.The ability to clone genes through the use of recombinant technology is a big advantage to humans. The production of human insulin is now done on a very large scale and benefits many thousands of diabetics. Kent (2000) states that human insulin made by recombinant DNA technology produces fewer side e ffects than insulin prepared from cow or pig pancreatic extracts, previously the main credit of insulin. But diabetics are not the only people who are benefiting from recombinant technology. Jones and Jones (1999) show that considerable advances in genetic engineering are making gene therapy possible. Gene therapy is intended to correct inherited disorders, such as cystic fibrosis, which are caused by a defective gene. If the correct gene could be inserted into the affected persons cells, then they should be free of the disease.Recombinant technology is also beneficial to humans when it comes to crop production. Genetic engineering is used to produce pest resistant varieties of crop, which means that fewer pesticides would ready to be used on the crops and they would produce a greater yield. Jones and Jones (1999) say that tomatoes have been produced containing genes that result in them remaining fresh for much longer than usual after picking. This makes it much easier, and there fore cheaper, to transport them form grower to sale point, so they have a much longer shelf life. But genetically modified crops can also cause problems in the environment. If crops are produced containing a gene making them resistant to herbicides and are then sprayed with the herbicide to kill weeds, this gene might then somehow spread to wild plants and affect the balance of the ecosystem.Although recombinant technology is of great use to humans when it comes to gene therapy and genetically modified crops it can also be a threat if used in the wrong way. Jones and Jones (1999) state that the techniques of genetic engineering could be used deliberately to create new organisms that could infect and kill humans. There are, of course, already many organisms that can do this, but little use had been made on biological warfare. About half(prenominal) of the nations of the world signed a treaty in 1972 pledging not to produce biological weapons of any kind. However, the concern remains , and it is certainly possible that new, highly dangerous forms of infective organisms could be used deliberately.

Post-Compulsory Education and Training Essay

* Learning Objectives Justify your choice by reference to the cohort analysis, scheme of sprain and the assessment schedule.LO1 To be introduced to the meaning of Autism and Aspergers syndrome, and comp atomic number 18 and contrast the difference between the two conditions.LO2 After watching a video, every last(predicate) scholarly persons go forth be able to wrangle the triad of impairments linked with autism.LO3 every(prenominal) learners go out be introduced to the term Theory of Mind and how this develops in children.LO4 All learners will be able to identify the break components of The S each(prenominal)y Anne study. Most learners will able to summarise its strengths and weaknesses in supporting Theory of Mind.LO5 Most learners will correctly answer an OCR past paper test question on Baron-Cohen.LO6 All learners will consolidate their learning with an interactive comprehensive on the topic covered in todays session.The aims and objectives in this lesson were cho sen in order to relate to OCR Psychology (3.2 AS Unit G542 marrow squash Studies)Allowing the students to be aware of this link to the assessment criteria will glide by them motivated, and ingest their learning purpose to aim for a long term goal. The Learning Objectives let been severalize to allow for learning to take function at all levels, and to allow for inclusion for all, despite the fact that postdidates may have difficulties i.e. one learner has Aspergers syndrome, and another has dyspraxia. These objectives will be achieved using all 3 VAK learning styles.(Honey and Mumford 1992)The learning objectives are differentiated and specific, mea certainlyable, achievable, realistic and timely (SMART) to ensure accessibility (Wallace, 2011) * Teaching and Learning Activities Justify your choice of methods and resources to be practised by matching them against learning objectives using reasons and evidence from appropriate models of learning. The teaching and learning activ ities for this session have been designed to introduce a new topic in Psychology, Core Studies.As this is an introductory lesson to a topic, I have prepared learning activities which are accessible to all the learners, to ensure that nobody is excluded at whatsoever time. (Wallace 2005) All activities are vary to accommodate all levels and learning styles (VAK) as pupils are often a combination of visual, audio and kinaesthetic. (Claxton 2002)I will promote inclusiveness during the session by having a list of key words if at any point they are unsure have specific instruction written run done as well as reading them out. Hand-outs will be given out with a choice of colour, and supporting any learners one to one where necessary. I int contain to keep learners motivated by making everyone feel comfortable and safe in the classroom environment, ensuring a sense of belonging and to meet all learners self-assertion needs encouraging praise and independence where necessary and promot e optimism so that all students are self-actualised (Maslow 1908-1970)Ensuring the humanistic learning theory is addressed, I will allow drinks of water when necessary, and provide fairness and equality for all learners. (Disability and Equality Act 2010)Room set-up- Arrange the tables into groups. This will encourage all learners to get involved (every learner matters) and to flummox sure that no learner is seated with their back to me and that I am not sitting behind a desk as this creates a natural barrier between the teacher and learner and encourages eye contact. (Wallace 2007)Questioning- Non directed questions will be asked at the beginning of the session to assess foregoing intimacy, which will be demonstrated by dint of a thought-shower on the board (visual and auditory). Through-out the session the questions will become directed and scaffolded (Bruner, cited in Jarvis 2004) to assist in gaining knowledge and answers from learners.When asking questions, use learners na mes your and prior knowledge of their ability and personality (as I have never taught this class before, they have been given name stickers)This ensures that learners feel valued and supported. (Keeley-Browne 2007)Pre-starter I have included a pre-starter activity, as with it being a 3pm class, students great deal often come in lethargic and unmotivated. They often need some conterminous stimulation, to wake them up and encourage a productive lesson.Starter We will create a though shower (visual) on the board to assess prior knowledge of this new topic being covered, and it gives the learners ownership of their own work, as their input is what gets written on the board. Prior learning experiences have the potential to enhance or interfere with new learning (Knox, 1997)Main Learning Process The majority of the lesson is based around PowerPoint slides, videos and group discussion/work. This ensures that all three domains of learning are being addressed cognitive (thinking in th eir groups and whilst listening to the presentation), affective (feeling how autistic people may feel after watching the video clips), and psychomotor (applying their knowledge in a hands on task) (Bloom et al, 1971) This adopts VAK learning styles.Everyone benefits from using a wide variety of styles also known as whole brain learning. (Coffield et al 2004) When learners make an interesting observation/ comment, or get an answer correct, it is vital to give them praise. Many learners in sixth form can have low self-esteem therefore giving out praise when warranted can enhance their feeling of self-worth and competence by acknowledging their qualities and strengths (Vizard 2007.)Group Work Group work can be a largely effective way of learning, taking strengths from each case-by-case and combining it for model answers. In this session, learners will be split up into groups for part of the task, As well as being an wassailable activity in itself, this provides huge opportunities fo r learning. It requires that learners process the new material and make personal sense of it. (Petty 2009) From the cohort analysis, I am aware of who works well and encourages/motivates each other.The learners are aware of this themselves, and usually sit with the people/person they work well with. If people are distracted then I will take action by changing the group dynamics. In their groups they will discuss one of the triad of impairments from their prior knowledge and information given on a video. This shows that they can apply the knowledge they have gained the thought shower and video into a new situation. (Blooms Taxonomy cover of knowledge.) Once they have completed their group work, they will now share and discuss their ideas with the rest of the class, by sticking their A3 sheet of ideas on the board. (Think, pair, share.)Hand-out- All work sheets are on coloured paper (if possible), which aids any dyslexic learners without them standing out, as the whole class will ha ve the same colours. Everyone who can benefit from further education should be able to take part (John Tomlinson 1996) The PowerPoint presentation will be accessible on Moodle for future reference and revision purposes.Assessment for Learning- A past paper question will be asked in order to assess their level of understanding from the lesson.They will complete the question under interrogatory conditions (no notes or talking, and timed) and confederate mark the question. They will be given feedback on which is a model answer, and which isnt sufficient, and I will collect in and manage progress. It is imperative feedback is given (Black & William, 1998).Plenary- All learners will participate in an interactive activity to assess and ensure learning has taken place (formative assessment.) Looking at the cohort analysis, and after a couple of lessons observing this group, I have noticed they work well as a whole class and enjoy interactive plenaries. The Deal or No Deal task will al low learners to gain feedback from the teacher, peers and feedback from themselves as they answer questions. It has been suggested that formative feedback has some of the most optimistic effects on learners.The greatest effect is on the weakest learners (Black and William, 1998) The group can become a little bit chatty and excitable when completing a group task, therefore I will need to manage the noise levels.Rewarding good behaviour and achievement allows learners to be respected and valued for who they are, how hard they have tried and what they have achieved and sort up a mutual and trusting relationship between the teacher and learner, allowing the learner to feel safe and valued in class. This is expressed as unconditional positive regard (Rodgers 1983)Try and make students feel good about themselves, even when you are criticising their work/ answer and trying to slip by them onto the right path (two stars and a wish)Articulate the standards you have identified, i.e. elabor ate what will actually happen in terms of teaching and learning activities against each standard, Do not just list or re-state the standards you have ticked off.You may group related standards together where they are addressed by dint of one activity.Standard(s) AP 4.1 Use relevant theories of learning to support the development of practice in learning and teaching.Articulation Use of Maslows Hierarchy of Needs. Proving a safe and comfortable learning environment, using praise to build up self- esteem on order to achieve self-actualisation. Blooms Taxonomy was also used applying the knowledge from the video clips and PowerPoint in the session to the group work on The tierce of Impairments.Standard(s) AP 4.2 Reflect on and demonstrate commitment to improvement of own personal and teaching skills through regular evaluation and use of feedbackArticulation I write a reflection after every taught session.I plan to use De Bonos Thinking Hats after this session, using the feedback gained on the scales given to the class at the beginning and the end of the session.Standards(s) AP 6.2 Demonstrate good practice through maintaining a learning environment which conforms to statutory requirements and promotes equality, including appropriate consideration of the needs of children, young people and vulnerable adults.Articulation This lesson meets the statutory requirements of a teacher required by Cronton Sixth Form College, meets the requirements of the examining body. The lesson filly includes all learners, and the cohort analysis has allowed me to be aware of individual needs and requirements.Standard(s) BP 1.1 Establish a purposeful learning environment where learners feel safe, secure, confident and valued.Articulation Again this links to Abraham Maslows hierarchy of needs, providing a safe classroom environment, allowing for students to pass through all the stages to become self-actualised. put throughing Rodgers unconditional positive regard throughout the session, rewarding and praising good behaviour will allow for learners to feel valued and respected. Standard(s) BP 2.1 proffer learning activities which meet curriculum requirements and the needs of all learners. Articulation The aims and objectives in this lesson were chosen in order to relate to OCRPsychology (3.2 AS Unit G542 Core Studies)The Learning Objectives are all differentiated, which will meet all learners various needs so ensure learning takes place. This links into Every Learner Matters.Standard(s) BP 2.4 Apply flexible and varied delivery methods as appropriate to teaching and learning practice.Articulation There are many different delivery methods used for learning in this session, allowing for all types of learners to learn and achieve (VAK.) Such methods used are throughout the session are thought showers, questioning, practical hands-on activity, video clips, group work, peer assessment an interactive assessment activity.Standards(s) BP 3.1 Communicate effectively and ap propriately using different forms of language and media, including written, oral and non-verbal communication, and new and emerging technologies to enhance learningArticulation I will use various forms of communication during the session.Using theory on paralanguage to ensure my body language is open, e.g. no folded arms, eye contact and make sure I circulate the room so everybody feels included. I will have a steady pace, clarity and tone in my discussion and instruction (behaviourist). All meta-language used is listed on a key terms sheet to help with meaning of words, and the PowerPoint is clear and concise. I have implemented video clips on PowerPoint to keep up with emerging technologies, as oppose to me talking all of the time. This breaks up the lesson into chunks (cognitive theory) which makes them gain fulfilment and enjoyment out of the tasks (humanism)Standard(s) BP 3.3 Structure and present information understandably and effectively.Articulation All information is presen ted on a PowerPoint, on hand outs and also read out so that it is clear for all students and their learning style. The lesson is all structured, differentiated and timed to allow for learning to take place in all learners.The presentation (including video clips) will be made available on Moodle for future reference and revision purposes.Standards(s) BP 5.1 Select and develop a range of effective resources, including appropriate use of new and emerging technologies.Articulation The resources chosen for this session are varied in learning styles (VAK) and include all 3 theories of learning to ensure the lesson appeals to all, and doesnt get monotonous. There is a PowerPoint presentation, group work, key words hand-out, a booklet to fill in whilst being accompanies by new and emerging ICT technologies. This includes video clips in the PowerPoint and an interactive Deal or No Deal Plenary.Standards(s) CP 1.1 hold in that knowledge of own specialist area is current and appropriate to th e teaching context.Articulation I have ensured my knowledge of the topic autism is totally up to date and current. Figures and facts reassign yearly, so it is important to keep up to date.I have broken down my knowledge of Psychology from my degree to A level standard, so it can be inclusive to all learners, whilst still capable of stretching and challenging the more able learners.Standards(s) DP 1.2 Plan teaching sessions which meet the aims and needs of individual learners and groups, using a variety of resources, including new and emerging technologiesArticulation This session meets the aims of the curriculum for this module, meets the schemes of work and is differentiated so that it is inclusive to all learners in this cohort (from Aspergers syndrome through to gifted and talented student).The resources compliment the plan and are varied in learning style and theory, whilst adopting new technology methods, such as interactive games for plenary in formative assessment.Standards( s) EP 1.3 Develop, establish and promote peer and self-assessment tools, including where appropriate, those which exploit new and emerging technologies. Articulation This lesson will consist of them self-assessing their initial knowledge of autism, whilst continually self-assessing through the lesson. I will reinforce this with praise at correct answers and good feedback, and guide it through direct and non-directed questioning. Peer assessment will take place during the formative assessment (past paper questioning) Standard(s) EP 2.1 Apply appropriate methods of assessment fairly and effectively.Articulation Directed and non-directed questioning is used giving learners at all levels the opportunity to participate in the lesson. The Deal or No Deal formative assessment task allows all learners to participate, and makes assessing what they have learnt interactive and fun.

Education Has the Power Essay

A great scholar named Bacon once said Knowledge is power. How do we obtain knowledge? How do we in effect use it? The answer lies in precept. The development and maintenance of a country is in the hands of its people. The people lease to be educated to make unspoilt decisions that would promote economical prosperity for their country. This essay will discuss why education is the single most important factor in the development of a country.First and foremost, a country strives to develop economically and transportably. There is increasing demands for talented individuals to advance in every field to meet this development objective. These individuals need cultivation to find and develop their talents. Through education, individuals are provided with sufficient information and resources for advancements in their fields making significant contributions to the economy of the country.Education has a enormous influence on the civilization of a country. Education provides individuals wit h knowledge to question conscience, identify the good and the bad, analyze the mistakes of history, and make beneficial decisions. Thus, developing positive reference work attributes, decreasing the negative road blocks of a countrys development (e.g. crime), and preventing citizens from becoming criminals. As well-educated parents pass on their dignity to future generations, education sustains a system of significant contributions to a countrys society.On the other hand, education could serve as a source of economical ontogenesis for a country. Well established educational facilities attract students from all over the world to study in them. These students contribute to local markets by consumerism and by pay tuition. After graduating, many students may choose to stay and contribute to the country because they have settled. By investing in educational facilities, the country is able to sugar from young intellectuals who would contribute to the countrys development.Education is the most fundamental factor in the development of a country. When people talk about a countrys development, they often refer to the countrys economical growth, induced by the structures of political, technological, and foreign affair systems. Education inspires intellectuals and innovation that will sustain and advance the countrys economy.Theres a famous proverb stating If you give a man a fish you feed him for a day, if you teach the man to fish you feed him for a lifetime. This proverb supports the fact that knowledge leads to sustainable development. Education is a worthwhile investment in human capitals that consequents to significant contributions for the sustainability and advancements in a countrys technology, health, economics, politics, and culture. In conclusion, education is not only the single most important factor in the development of a country, but it is also the most fundamental factor. After all, you wouldnt see progress or profit from uncultivated workforces, woul d you?

The Return: Nightfall Chapter 25

matt lunged at Damon in a rush that clearly show the skills that had got 10 him a college football scholarship. He accelerated from utter stillness to a blur of motion, trying to tackle Damon, to bring him down. perish, he shouted, at the same instant.RunElena s overlyd still, trying to come up with Plan A after this disaster. She had been forced to watch Stefans humiliation at Damons hands at the boardinghouse, only if she didnt think she could bear out to see this. however when she looked again, lustrelessness was standing about a dozen yards from Damon, white-faced and grim, but alive and on his feet. He was preparing to rush Damon again.And Elenacouldnt run. She knew that it would probably be the topper thing Damon might punish unconditional briefly but most of his attention would be turned to hunting her down.But she couldnt be certain(p). And she couldnt be sure that the punishment wouldnt kill Matt, or that he would be able to support away before Damon found her and ha d leisure time to think of him again.No, nonthis Damon, pitiless and pitiless as he was.There must be some way she could just about feel wheels spinning in her own head.And then she saw it.No, not thatBut what else was there to do?Matt was, indeed, rushing Damon again, and this time as he went for him, lithe and unstoppable and fast as a darting snake, she saw what Damon did. He simply berth feelped at the last moment, secure when Matt was about to ram him with a shoulder. Matts momentum kept him dismission, but Damon simply turned in confide and faced him again. Then he picked up his damned pine branch. It was broken at the end where Matt had trampled it.Damon frowned at the stick, then shrugged, lifting it and then two he and Matt stopped frozen. Something came sailing in from the sidelines to settle on the ground between them. It lay there, stirring in the breeze.It was a maroon and navy Pendleton shirt. two of the boys turned slowly toward Elena, who was wearing a whit e lacy camisole. She shivered slightly and wrapped her harness around herself. It attended unusually cold for this time of evening.Very slowly, Damon bring down the pine branch.Saved by yourinamorata , he said to Matt.I manage what that means and its not true, Matt said. Shes my friend, not my girlfriend.Damon just smiled distantly. Elena could feel his eyes on her bare arms. Soon to the next step, he said.Elena wasnt surprised. Heartsick but not surprised. Neither was she surprised to see, when Damon turned to look from her to Matt and back, a gilded of red. It seemed to be reflected on the inside of his sunglasses. forthwith, he said to Elena. I think well put you over there on that rock, sort of half reclining. But premiere another kiss. He looked back at Matt. Get with the program, Matt youre wasting time. First, maybe you kiss her sensory hair, then she throws her head back and you kiss her neck, while she puts her arms around your shoulders.Matt,thought Elena. Damon ha d saidMatt . It had slipped out so easily, so innocently. Suddenly her entire brain, and her body, also, seemed to be vibrating as if to a single note of music, seemed to be flooded by an wintry shower-bath. And what the note was saying was not shocking, because it was something that somehow, at a subliminal level, she already knew.Thats not Damon.This wasnt the person she had known for was it truly only nine or ten months? She had seen him when she was a human girl, and she had defied him and desired him in equal measure and he had seemed to love her best when she was takeing him.She had seen him when she was a vampire and had been drawn to him with all her being, and he had cared for her as if she were a child.She had seen him when she was a spirit, and from the afterlife she had learned a great deal.He was a womanizer, he could be callous, he drifted through his victims lives analogous a chimera, resembling a catalyst, changing other people while he himself remained unchan ging and unchanged. He mystified humans, confused them, used them leaving them bewildered, because he had the charm of the devil.And n ever so once had she seen him break his word. She had a rock-bottom feeling that this wasnt something that was a decision, it was so much a part of Damon, lodged so deep in his subconscious, that even he couldnt do anything to change it. He couldnt break his word. Hed starve low.Damon was still talking to Matt, giving him orders. and then take off herSo what about his word to be her bodyguard, to intimidate her from harm?He was talking to her now. So you know when to throw your head back? After he Who are you?What?You heard me.Who are you? If you had really seen Stefan off and promised him to take care of me, n one of this would have happened. Oh, you might be messing with Matt, but not in front of me. Youre not Damons not stupid. He knows what a bodyguard is. He knows that watching Matt in pain hurts me as well. Youre not Damon. Whoareyou?Matts strength and fast-as-a-rattlesnake speed hadnt done any good. Maybe a different approach would work. As Elena spoke, she had been very slowly reaching up to Damons face. Now, with one motion, she pulled his sunglasses off.Eyes red as fresh new product line shone out at her.What have you done?she whispered. What have you done to Damon?Matt was out of the range of her voice but had been inching around, trying to get her attention. She wished fervently that Matt would just make a run for it himself. Here, he was just another way for this creature to blackmail her.Without seeming to move quickly, the Damon-thing reached down and snatched the sunglasses from her hand. It was too fast for her to resist.Then he seized her wrist in a painful grip.This would be a lot easier on both of you if youd cooperate, he said casually. You dont seem to realize what might happen if you make me angry.His grip was forcing her down, forcing her to kneel. Elena decided not to let it. But unfortunately her body didnt want to cooperate it sent urgent messages of pain to her mind, of agony, of burning, searing agony. She had thought that she could ignore it, could stand to let him break her wrist. She was wrong. At some point something in her brain blacked out completely, and the next thing she knew she was on her knees with a wrist that felt three times the right size and burned fiercely.Human weakness, Damon said scornfully. It will get you every time. You should know better than to disobey me, by now.Not Damon,Elena thought, so vehemently that she was surprised the imposter didnt hear her.All right, Damons voice continued above her as cheerfully as if hed simply given her a suggestion. You go sit on that rock, leaning backward, and Matt, if youll just come over here, facing her. The tone was of polite command, but Matt ignored it and was beside her already, looking at the finger marks on Elenas wrist as if he didnt believe them.Matt stands up, Elena sits, or the opposite one gets the full treatment. Have mutation, kiddies. Damon had the palm-camera out again.Matt consulted Elena with his eyes. She looked at the imposter and said, enunciating carefully, Go to hell, whoever you are.Been there, done that, bought the brimstone, the not-Damon creature rattled off. He gave Matt a smile that was both luminescent and terrifying. Then he waggled the pine branch.Matt ignored it. He waited, his face stoic, for the pain to hit.Elena struggled up to stand by him. Side by side, they could defy Damon.Who seemed for a moment to be out of his mind. Youre trying to pretend youre not afraid of me. But you will be. If you had any sense, you would be now.Belligerently, he took a step toward Elena.Why arent you afraid of me?Whoever you are, youre just an oversized bully. Youve hurt Matt. Youve hurt me. Im sure you can kill us. But were not afraid of bullies.You will be afraid. Now Damons voice had dropped to a menacing whisper. Just wait.Even as something was ringing in Elenas e ars, telling her to listen to those last voice communication, to make a connection who did that pass like? the pain hit.Her knees were knocked out by it. But she wasnt just kneeling now. She was trying to roll into a ball, trying to curl around the agony. All intellectual thought was swept from her head. She sensed Matt beside her, trying to hold her, but she could no more communicate with him than she could fly. She shuddered and fell to her side, as if having a seizure. Her entire reality was pain, and she only heard voices as if they came from far away.Stop it Matt telephone seted frantic.Stop it Are you crazy? ThatsElena , for Gods sake Do you want to kill her ?And then the not-Damon-thing advising him mildly, I wouldnt try that again, but the only sound Matt made was a scream of primal rage.Caroline Bonnie was raging, pacing back and forth in Stefans room while Meredith did something else with the computer. Howdare she?She doesnt dare try to attack Stefan or Elena outrig ht theres the oath, Meredith said. So shes thought this up to get at all of us.But Matt Oh, Matts handy, Meredith said grimly. And unfortunately theres the matter of the physical evidence on both of them.What do you mean? Matt doesnt The scratches, my dear, put in Mrs. Flowers, looking sad, from your razor-toothed bug. The poultice I put on will have healed them so that theyll look like a girls fingernail scratches about now. And the mark it left on your neck Mrs. Flowers coughed delicately. It looks like what in my day was called a love bite. Perhaps a sign of a tryst that ended in force? Not that your friend would ever do anything like that.And remember how Caroline looked when we saw her, Bonnie? Meredith said dryly. Not the crawling around Ill bet anything shes move just fine now. But her face. She had a black eye coming in and a swollen cheek. Perfect for the time frame.Bonnie felt as if everyone was two steps before of her. Whattime frame?The night the bug attacked Matt . It was the morning after that that the sheriff called and talked to him. Matt admitted that his mother hadnt seen him all night, and that Neighborhood Watch guy saw Matt drive up to his house and, basically, pass out.That was from the bug poison. Hed just been fighting the malachWe know that. But theyll say hed just come back from attacking Caroline. Carolines mother will barely be fit to testify you saw how she was. So whos to say that Matt wasnt over at Carolines? Especially if he was planning assault.We are We can bear witness for him Bonnie suddenly stumbled to a halt. No, I guess it was after he left that this was supposed to have happened. But, no, this is all wrong She took up pacing again. I saw one of those bugs up close and it was exactly the way Matt described.And whats left of it now? Nothing. Besides, theyll say that you would sayanything for him.Bonnie couldnt stand just walking aimlessly around anymore. She had to get to Matt, had to warn him if they could eve n find him or Elena. I thoughtyou were the one who couldnt wait a minute to find them, she said accusingly to Meredith.I know I was. But I had to look something up and besides I wanted one more try at that rascal only vampires are supposed to read. TheShi no Shi one. But Ive tweaked the screen in all the ways I can think of, and if theres something written here, I sure enough cant find it.Best not to waste more time on it, then, Mrs. Flowers said. Come get into your jacket, my dear. Shall we take the Yellow Wheeler or not?For just a moment Bonnie had a wild vision of a horse-drawn vehicle, a sort of Cinderella carriage but not pumpkin-shaped. Then she remembered beholding Mrs. Flowers ancient Model T painted yellow parked inside what must be the old stables that belonged to the boardinghouse.We did better when we were on foot than weor Matt did in a car, said Meredith, giving the computer monitor controls a final vicious click. Were more mobile than oh, my GodI did it Did wha t?The website. Come look at this.Both Bonnie and Mrs. Flowers came over to the computer. The screen was bright green with thin, faint, dark green writing.Howdid you do it? Bonnie demanded as Meredith bent to get a notebook computer and pen to copy down what they saw.I dont know. I just tweaked the color settings one last time Id already tried it for Power Saver, Low Battery, towering Resolution, High Contrast, and every combination I could think of.They stared at the words.Tired of that lapis lazuli?Want to take a vacation in Hawaii? purify of that same old liquid cuisine?Come and visit Shi no Shi.After that came an ad for the Death of Death, a place where vampires could be cured of their unsaved state and become human again. And then there was an address. Just a city track, no mention of what state, or, for that matter, what city. But it was a Clue.Stefan didnt mention a road address, Bonnie said.Maybe he didnt want to scare Elena, Meredith said grimly. Or maybe, when he looked at the page, the address wasnt there.Bonnie shivered. Shi no Shi I dont like the sound of it. And dont laugh at me, she added to Meredith defensively. Remember what Stefan said about trusting my intuition?Nobodys laughing, Bonnie. We need to get to Elena and Matt. What does your intuition tell you about that?It says that were going to get into trouble, and that Matt and Elena are in trouble already.Funny, because thats just what my judgment tells me.Are we ready, now? Mrs. Flowers handed out flashlights.Meredith tried hers and found it had a strong, steady beam.Lets do it, she said, mechanically flipping off Stefans lamp again.Bonnie and Mrs. Flowers followed her down the stairs, out of the house, and onto the street they had run from not so long ago. Bonnies pulse was racing, her ears ready for the slightestwhipwhip sound. But except for the beams of their flashlights, the Old timberland was completely dark and eerily silent. Not even the sound of birdsong broke the moonless nig ht.They plunged in, and in minutes they were lost.Matt woke up on his side and for a moment didnt know where he was. Outdoors. Ground. Picnic? Hiking? Fell asleep?And then he tried to move and agony flared like a geyser of flame, and he remembered everything. That bastard , torturing Elena, he thought.Torturing Elena.It didnt go together, not withDamon . What was it Elena had been saying to him at the end that had made him so angry?The thought nagged at him, but it was just another unanswered question, like Stefans note in Elenas diary.Matt realized that he could move, if very slowly. He looked around, moving his head by careful increments until he saw Elena, lying near him like a broken doll. He hurt and he was desperately thirsty. She would feel the same way. The first thing was to get her to a hospital the kind of muscular contractions brought on by that degree of pain could break an arm or even a leg. They were certainly strong enough to cause a sprain or dislocation. Not to men tion Damon spraining her wrist.That was what the practical, sensible part of him was thinking. But the question that kept going around in his mind still made him reel in complete astonishment.Hehurt Elena? The way he hurt me? I dont believe it. I knew he was sick, twisted, but I never heard of him hurting the girls. And never, never Elena.Never . But me if he treats me the way he treats Stefan, hell kill me. I dont have a vampires resilience.I have to get Elena out of this before he kills me. I cant leave her alone with him.Instinctively, somehow, he knew that Damon was still around. This was confirmed when he heard some lilliputian noise, turned his head too fast, and found himself staring at a blurred and wobbling black boot. The blur and wobble were the result of turning too quickly, but as quickly as hed turned, hed suddenly felt his face pressed into the dirt and pine needles on the ground of the clearing.By The Boot. It was on his neck, press his face into the dirt now. Mat t made a wordless sound of pure fury and grabbed at the leg above the boot with both hands, trying to get a purchase and throw Damon off. But while he could grasp the smooth leather of the boot, moving it in any direction was impossible. It was as if the vampire in the boot could turn himself to iron. Matt could feel the tendons in his throat stand out, his face turn red, and his muscles bunch under his shirt as he made a violent effort to heave Damon off. At last, exhausted, chest heaving, he lay still.In that very same instant, The Boot was lifted. Exactly, he realized, at the moment when he was too tired to lift his head himself. He made a supreme effort and lifted it a hardly a(prenominal) inches.And The Boot caught him under the chin and lifted his face a little higher.What a pity, Damon said with infuriating contempt. You humans are so weak. Its no fun to play with you at all.Stefanwill come back, Matt got out, looking up at Damon from where he was unintentionally groveling o n the ground. Stefan will kill you. estimate what? Damon said conversationally. Your face is all messed up on one side scratches, you know. Youve got sort of a Phantom of the Opera thing going on.If he doesnt, I will. I dont know how, but I will. I swear it.Careful what you promise.Just as Matt got his arm working enough to prop him up exactly then, to the millisecond Damon reached out and grabbed him painfully by a handful of hair, yanking his head up.Stefan, Damon said, looking straight down into Matts face and forcing Matt to look up at him, no matter how Matt tried to turn his face away, was only powerful for a few days because he was drinking the declination of a very powerful spirit who hadnt yet adapted to Earth yet. But look at her now. He twisted his grip on Matts hair again, more painfully. Some spirit. Lying there in the dirt. Now the Power is back where it should be. Do you understand?Do you boy?Matt just stared at Elena. How could you do that? he whispered finally. An object lesson in what it means to defy me. And surely you wouldnt want me to be sexist and leave her out? Damontched . You have to keep up with the times.Matt said nothing. He had to get Elena out of this.Worrying about the girl? Shes just playing possum now. Hoping Ill ignore her and concentrate on you.Youre a liar.So Ill concentrate on you. Speaking of keeping up with the times, you know except for the scratches and things, youre a fine-looking young man.At first the words meant nothing to Matt. When he understood them, Matt could feel his blood freeze in his body.As a vampire, I can give you an informed and expert opinion. And as a vampire, Im getting very thirsty. Theres you. And then theres the girl whos still pretending to be asleep. Im sure you can see what Im getting at.I believe in you, Elena, Matt thought. Hes a liar, and hell always be a liar. Take my blood, he said wearily.Are you sure? Now Damon sounded solicitous. If you resist, the pain is horrible.Just get it ov er with.Whatever you like. Damon knelt fluidly on one knee, at the same time twisting his grip on Matts hair, making Matt wince. The new grip dragged Matts hurrying body across Damons knee, so that his head was thrown back, his neck arched and exposed. In fact Matt had never felt so exposed, so helpless, so vulnerable in his life.You can always change your mind, Damon taunted him.Matt shut his eyes, stubbornly saying nothing.At the last moment, though, as Damon bent with fangs exposed, Matts fingers almost involuntarily, almost as if it were something his body was doingapart from his mind, clenched themselves into a fist and he suddenly, unpredictably, brought the fist swinging up to deal a violent blow to Damons temple. But serpent-quick Damon reached up and caught the blow almost nonchalantly in an open hand, and held Matts fingers in a crushing grip just as razor-sharp fangs opened a nervure in Matts throat and an open mouth fastened on his exposed throat, sucking and drinki ng the blood that sprayed upward.Elena awake but otiose to move from where she had fallen, unable to make a sound or turn her head was forced to listen to the entire exchange, forced to hear Matts groan as his blood was interpreted against his will, as he resisted to the last.And then she thought of something that, as dizzy and frightened as she was, almost made her pass out in fear.

Participant Observation and Grand Theory Essay

Bronislaw Malinowski, with his ground-breaking field work of the Trobriand Islander community in the beginning of the 20th century stock-still today counts as a pi sensationer, if not the implanter of the British Social Anthropology. In his famous decl be Argonauts of the Western Pacific. An Account of Native Enterprise and fortuity in the Archipelagos of Melanesian New Guinea that was first published in 1922 he develops an elaborate methodological textile for ethnographical research, besides known as actor placard.This method go away exceedingly influence the anthropological way of approaching its field of study and hence its theoretical landscape from then on. looking at at Malinowskis description of the clan agreement of the Trobriand community, his descriptive and specifying style of formulation becomes app atomic number 18nt Each of the four clans has its own name Malasi, Lukuba, Lukwasisiga, Lukulabuta. () There ar special combinations of the clan names with format ive roots, to descrive men and women and the mixed plurality belonging to the same clan Tomalasi a Malasi universe Immalasi a Malasi women Memalasi the Malasi people (). dear the village of LabaI, on the northern shore of the main island, there is a spot called Obukula, which is marked by a coral outcrop. Obukula is, in fact, a deal (dubwadebula), or house (bwala) that is to say, one of the institutionalizes from which the first ancestors of the linage emerged. (Malinowski 1929 496 f. , italics in original) This precise nuanced and case specific example of the material gained from his methodological approach gives rise to the point if Malinowskis heritage of participant observation has forever distanced Anthropology from bringing forward kB theories?To be able to consider and discuss this motion, it is important to first limn what Malinowski circumscribed when he laid out his dogma for ethnographical research by the term participant observation. Secondly, a closer inspe ction of the dictum megabyte supposition is indispensable for our purpose and give be clarified in the second section of this essay. Subsequently, we will look at these two concepts and their relationship to one another in section three in order to approach the question whether Anthropology can be viewed as a accomplishment able to aimgrand theories. I. Participant observation In the foreword to Argonauts of the Western Pacific Malinowski states that he has lived in that Trobriand Island archipelago for about two years (), during which time he naturally acquired a thorough knowledge of the language. He did his work entirely alone, living for the greater part of the time right in the village. (1966 xvi). This statement already contains the essence of participant observation in fieldwork.The hallmark of this methodological way of collecting data is the immersion of the researcher into her or his field of study over a long menstruation of time and the individual(prenominal) pa rt taking in the interactions of the people in the community studied. When Malinowski defined this new approach of first-hand observation he broke with the, at that time prevailing tradition of armchair ethnography. In this prior approach, ethnographers compiled data gained from historical sources to deduce theories about certain aspects of a usually native community (Osterhoudt 2010). wizard of the main contributions of Malinowskis new method to anthropological theory was that by participating and observing behaviour in the sample community he found out that a discrepancy mingled with actual behaviour and narrative statements exists. The smoothness and uniformity, which the mere verbal statement suggest as the only soma of human conduct, disappears with a better knowledge of cultural reality. (Malinowski 1979 83). This disco rattling in itself already composes a point of criticism towards the preceding ethnographical arm-chair approach to data collection and evaluation. Even thou gh participant observation is establish on a seemingly broad and intuitive research design, it would, however, be incorrect to jib that this approach would be free of any directive principles on how to collect relevant data.Therefore, Malinowski describes how first, the researcher must possess real scientific aims (Malinowski 1966 6) and be known with the theoretical background of anthropology. Further, the researcher should live in the field among the natives all by herself/ himself, and lastly the researcher has to stick to special and strict scientific methods, such(prenominal) as drawing tables of kinship terms, genealogies, maps, plans and diagrams (idib. 1966 10) to collect, prepare and record her/his data.The previous example of the clan system provides a sense of the detailed and case specific tuition that is obtained by the application of participant observation. Besides the kind of the data collected, it should also be looked at the area of research and Malinowskis sug gestion of the subject to be studied. He proposes that the field worker observes human beings acting within an environmental setting, natural and artificial influenced by it, and in turn transforming it in co-operation with each other. (Malinowski 1939 940). Thus, he focuses on the individual as a starting point and its relation to, and mutual dependence on a mixer group. The inquiries of a researcher will hence have to include a specific study of the individual, as well as the group within which he has to live and work. (idib. 1939 950). The collective behavior within that group or society is widely to be seen in certain types of activities, institutions such as the economy, education, or social control and political system in place (idib.1939 954). These institutions, as he points out, can be seen as a fruitful base to investigate the individuals motives and values and they will provide insight into the process by which the individual is conditioned or culturally formed and of the group mechanisms of this process. (idib. 1939 954). II. Grand Theory In the following, the dictum grand theory will be specified and by doing so distinguished into two different tendencies of understanding the concept.Wiarda (2010) defines a grand theory in his book Grand Theories and Ideologies in the Social Sciences as those large, overarching explanations of social and political behaviorliberalism, Marxism, socialism, positivism, corporatism, political culture, institutionalism, psychoanalysis, rational choice theory, environmentalism (Jared Diamond), sociobiology, and now chemistry and geneticsthat give ropiness to the social sciences, help us to organize and think about change and modernization, and give us models to understand complex behavior. (Wiarda 2010 x)This definition of grand theory as an overarching explanation is in line with Anthony heartfelts (1996) understanding of a generalizing science that produces universal, descriptive and predictive laws (idib. 1996 34). Here a grand theory is silent as a theorem providing a universal and structural framework that gives meaning to particular and individual phenomena on the ground. In this process the importance of the local anaesthetic and the contingent, () the extent to which our own concepts and attitudes have been shaped (Skinner 1985 8) builds also a part of the universal framework.The second tendency to conceive the idea of grand theory goes a step further and is mainly characterized by C. Wright Mills application of it. He vigorously criticised the concept in his book The Sociological Imagination (1959) The basic have of grand theory is the initial choice of a level of thinking so general that its practitioners cannot logically get along discomfit to observation. They never, as grand theorists, get down from the higher generalities to problems in their historical and structural contexts.This absence of a firm sense of genuine problems, in turn, makes for the unreality so noticeable in their pages. (idib. 1959 33) As this quote shows, Mills understanding of a grand theory goes beyond our first definition. In this second understanding Mills implies that scientists generating grand theories are engrossed in their endeavour to build abstract, normative and all-embracing frameworks and thus neglect the study of the meaning behind their constructs.The individual with its particular values and interpretations, as well as variety on the scale of the actual area of research fall behind. III. Participant Observation and its relation to Grand Theory interpreted the just outlined conception of grand theory influenced by Mills and putting it in relationship with Malinowskis methodology of participant observation, the answer to our question whether or not Malinowskis heritage barred the way of Anthropology to ever produce grand theories appears unambiguously to be yes.Participant observation in its very nature is close to the individual and aims to explore, over a long per iod of time, which social and cultural forces influence the human being in a specific setting. Therefore, with regards to Mills conception of grand theory, Anthropology has a birth defect called participant observation that will always prevent it from producing highly abstract grand theories, which stand in no relation to the circumstances from where they were deduced from.A closer look reveals that Malinowskis understanding of the anthropological formation of theory aligns with Mills criticism towards highly abstract grand theories It would be easy to quote works of high repute, and with a scientific hall-mark on them, in which wholesale generalisations are laid down before us, and we are not informed at all by what actual experiences the writers have reached their conclusions.() I consider that only such ethnographic sources are of unquestionable scientific value, in which we can clearly draw the line between, on the one hand, the result of direct observation and of native stateme nts and interpretations and on the other, the inferences of the source, based on his common sense of psychological insight. (Malinowski 1966 3) Here Malinowski differences between two approaches of data processing.One approach leads to mere wholesale generalisations and the other approach also includes the actual experiences the researcher faced on the local level that explain on what assumptions and observations her or his generalizations are based on. He hence supports the notion of Anthropology as a science of producing generalisations, as long as they are comprehensible and in direct relation to the reality on the ground. Malinowskis ethnographies exist to a vast amount of descriptive details that are very specific to certain social groups or individual preferences and he has hence often been criticized as an empiricist (see Firth 1957).Also, one could argue that his attempt to put his findings in a neat structured box with columns, as he has done in his article root and Indi vidual in Functional Analysis (1966) seem rather compelled. Nevertheless, he was able to provide social science with universal and generalizing frameworks on, inter alia, on how social institutions function in relation to society. He states that social institutions have a definite organisation, () they are governed by authority, law and order in their public and personal relations, while the latter are, besides, under the control of extremely complex ties of kinship and clanship. (Malinowski 1966 10). Malinowskis suggestion to use institution as a starting point for social and cultural analysis has produced integrated descriptions instead of loosely classified catalogues of traits, and has stimulated the fuller recording of case material from actual behavior as a supplement to the listing of ideal patterns. (Murdock 1943 443). Following Malinowskis ethnographic method and theory construction therefore aims to create a firm framework of the social constitution that disentangles the laws and regularities of all cultural phenomena from the irrelevances. (Malinowski 1966 10f. ). His approach is thus far more that only an accumulation of meaningless observations of an individuals life in a very specific society. Considering these arguments, Malinowski approach can, indeed, be seen as congruent with our first tendency to understand grand theory. The answer to our initial question should hence be that Anthropology is a science that can certainly produce grand theories in the sense of generalized frameworks and universalistic theories, without neglecting the importance of the local and the contingent (Skinner 1985 12).Furthermore, Anthropology can be viewed as an established science with its own field of study being the human being and its social group as well as their mutual dependencies and influences. Anthropology stands in a clear relationship to the other basic science, because it is concerned with studying phenomena at one clearly discriminate level vis-a-vis t hose other sciences. (Good 1996 32) IV. remainder and Outlook As just set out, if the question is, if participatory observation was the downfall of grand theory in the anthropological work field, my answer to it would be no, depending on the definition of grand theory.The science of Anthropology certainly had to withstand some rough winds of criticism, for instance as Wood (1996) lays out, with its strong focus on meaning and actors understanding of facts rather than facts themselves (idib. 1996 31). Some might even buy into Radcliff-Browns (1977) proposal that due to its inconsistency of attribution of meaning to commonly used scientific terms social anthropology reveals itself as not yet a formed science. (idib. 1977 28).In my opinion, however, it was not the launch and implementation of participant observation as introduced by Malinowski in the late twenties of the 20th century that caused a rupture in Anthropology as a grand theory producing science. A more material menace c ame 50 years later when Malinowkis diaries that he wrote, while he was conducting research at the Trobriand Islands were published. These diaries unveiled the he spend a dower of time with Europeans during his fieldwork, and it unfolds the emotional difficulties that Malinowski as fieldworker experienced.Statements such as this drives me to a stage white rage and hatred for bronze-colored skin (Malinowski 1989 261) imply that he was a man thinking in discriminating racial terms, who did not have such a good rapport with the people he studied after all. These disclosures and inconsistencies between his ethnographies and his emotional encounters raised serious doubts on the validity of Malinowskis theoretical conception and methodological approach of participant observation, and thus questioned the anthropological stance as an established science in general.Especially James Cliffords critique on Malinowski and his later to be published book Writing Culture The Poetics and governance of Ethnography (1986), together with George Marcus has created a controversy and critical moot with a strong impact on the anthropological work field. The writing culture debate resulted in a crisis of representation that implied to question every ethnographical division. This shaped a new postmodern genre of self-reflective research report (Clifford 1993 119 trasnl.C. R. ), where the unanimous voice of the author has to be subject to a consistent reflexion process and the emphasis is put on polyphony and complexity. In my opinion, this postmodern angst of the anthropological author to be too determinate in her or his statements and conclusions, led to a trend that was far more hazardous to Anthropology as a grand theory producing science, than the introduction of Malinowskis participant observation methodology.To make myself clear, I am not claiming that the criticism on Malinowskis diaries and the postmodern episode was in itself a curse on Anthropology. I highly value the posi tive impact it had, such as, inter alia, the sensitization of the ethnographer. He or she has to be aware of her or his own position of power in the society studied, and her or his mutual influences on the informants.However, when it comes to extracting and generating universal laws, I believe it is majorly important for Anthropology as a science to not dwindle in a postmodern bulge of relativizations, but confidently create grand theories with regards to the actual phenomena observed. Thus, I strongly agree with Anthony Good (1996) who states that if anthropology is not a generalizing science, it is not worth doing. (idib. 1996 30 italics in original). Bibliography Clifford, James Marcus, George E. , (1986) Writing Culture. The Poetics and Politics of Ethnography., Berkley, University of California Press Clifford, James, (1993) Halbe Wahrheiten In Rippl, Gabriele (Hg. ) Unbeschreiblich weiblich Texte zur feministischen Anthropologie, Frankfurt am Main, Fischer-Taschenbuch-Verl. Fi rth, Raymond, (1957) humans and Culture An Evaluation of the Work of Malinowski, New York, The Humanities Press. Good, Anthrony, (1996) For the Motion Social Anthropology is a Generalizing Science or it is Nothing from Ingold, Tim (ed. ), Key Debates in Anthropology pp. 30-36, Oxon, Routledge.

How Is Curley’s Wife Presented †Victim or Villain? Essay

Curleys wife is the further wo workforce at the ranch in Of Mice and Men. She is gener solelyy portrayed as a young, l acely, bored and childish girl. Baloney is her word. This single word shows that she withdraws she is a film sense impression. No one really talks like this. All the way through the book, it is evident this is how she sees her life unreal, like a movie and dramatic. Curleys wife is talked well-nigh before she is seen in the book. The first actual mention of her is wife. already it has been established that she has no name, she is just Curleys wife. The men see her as a women, not as a real person. The swamper gives his opinion straight away on her. He immediately agrees that she is purty moreover has got the eye. This shows that the men see her as just a pretty girl, who means noaffair. The situation that they mention she has the eye gives the ideal that the men eat been watching her, and ar curious about her, as they have noticed this. This withal shows th at the men see her as provocative, and the swamper gets this impression over to George straight away, so all the book he treats her in a biased way, because of what was utter then. He then describes her as a tart. This is very antiblack and shows what most of the men think about her.They do not earn her, so she must be a tart The swamper alike invited George to look her over. They are treating her like a possession, not a gentle opus beingness. Curleys wifes first appearance happens soon after George and Lennie hear about her. She stands in the doorway looking in. This puts her immediately in place as the outsider, always looking in, never intermit of the action. She is described as heavily do up and this tells you a lot about her. There is no reason to be heavily made up on a ranch, so she must have to a lot time on her hands. The fact she is wearing so much makeup tells us that Curleys wife is bored. also her hair is in little rolled clusters, something which takes an ex treme amount of time, pointing further to the fact that she is bored. Her cotton house dress and red mules are entirely inappropriate dress for a ranch, and are in truth quite expensive, film star clothes, great(p) us the impression that she thinks a lot about herself. When she speaks, it is evident she is socially awkward, as she doesnt introduce herself or even say hello, just states that she is lookin for Curley. Her joint is nasal, brittle, which is not sexy, even though this is how she portrays herself through her makeup and clothes.When George arranges her,she doesnt leave, but asks Your the new fellas aint you? This shows that she wasnt real looking for Curley, she is just essay to start up a convocation and doesnt really make out how to do it, further pointing at the fact she is socially awkward. Also she moves so her body is thr consume forward, trying to show off her best assets to the new guys, so she thinks a lot about herself and is a immense flirt However, this idea as changes when she bridles under Lennies eyes. This shows that she doesnt actually like being looked at, and is disquieting with men looking at her. Therefore, surely this points to the fact that she isnt a tart When she offers to go someplace else, she says it playfully as if she is wishing the men will ask her to stay, as she wants the company and again is flirting. passim this, George has hinted that he wants her to go away four times, but she is either ignorant and has not got the message or is just plain lonely and doesnt finagle if they want his company or not. Her next sentence, zero cant blame a person for lookin is very staged.Again, this wording is only used in the movies and her line sounds fake and practised. It is almost like she is play acting, and unreal. When Slim arrives, and tells her straight that she cant be looking very hard she turns apprehensive and hurries away. This shows that she is actually quite scared that the Slim knows what she is up too, a nd also that she is quite scared of Curley. Her first appearance confirms the stereotypes that were placed on her before we met her. However, these stereotypes do not employ up through the book. Her second appearance is in Crooks barn. She straight away gives her usual excuse for being around the men any of you boys seen Curley? It is obvious that she again is not really looking for Curley, just wants the company. Also the word boys shows that she doesnt really considers Crooks Candy and Lennie men, as they both have what she considered bad qualitys therefore they are not real men. She again is heavily made up, which shows that she is bored and has too much time on her hands. She calls Crooks, Candy and Lennie the frail ones, even though Lennie is obviously far from promiscuous. She identifies them as weak because they are the unpopular ones, she knows how to hurt them, but is only doing this as she is angry at being odd behind herself.By saying this she is also identifying hers elf as weak, this is why she really said they left the weak ones behind, she is including herself in that. Also by saying sheknows where Curley is, I know where they all went, she is admitting that she is not in Crooks manner to look for him and that she is just craving company. She regards them amusedly showing that she has no respect for these weak men, before giving her popular opinion on mankind. When Crooks mentioned her husband, she really lets off what she feels for him, Swell guy, aint he? She brings up Curleys hand, as she wants the gossip, as when she asks her face is interested. When she doesnt view his answer she says her favourite word, Baloney This, as I said above, is a childish and movie star attitude, showing that she thinks she is living in a fairy tale. Next, she shows us how much contempt she feels for her life, An what am I doin? She knows that she regrets marrying Curley and feels her life is going nowhere. She then decided the only way to interest is to ins ult, and called the men nigger, dum dum and lousy old sheep. She is taking out her anger at her man being in the cat house and her life going down the toilet and the men, who cant do anything about her.She doesnt even care when Candy tells her where to go, just replies in her film star way with Baloney showing she doesnt care a jot She barely flinches when Candy insults her, and turns her attentions to Lennie, where Lennie makes a fatal slip up. The way she just turns her attention to Lennie shows that she is actually hurt by what Candy has said, but is trying to hide it. She is quite sensible with Lennie, but flips her anger on Crooks and threatens to get him strung up on a tree. The fact that she needs to throw her anger on to someone shows how reckless she is, and completely not in control of her own emotions. When Lennie threatens to tell she says that Nobodyd learn to you. She knows the mens weak points and are using their weakness to keep herself safe, a bad quality in a pers on showing she is selfish. She leaves when Crooks says the guys are back, further showing how scared she is of Curleys wrath. Her final appearance is in the barn with Lennie, the place where she dies. She came into the barn very quietly, showing she is sly and sneaky. She is yet again heavily be wearing the cotton dress with the mules. Again, this is completely unsuitable for the ranch and shows she has too much time on her hands and she thinks she lives in a movie, where she always has to be made up. She was quite near to Lennie, showing she has no recognition for personal space and is awkward with people.She calls him sonny boy which is again only a thing a movie starwould say, and is very patronising towards Lennie. From this you can tell that she really is selfish, and doesnt get in how much her words can hurt people. She laughed when Lennie refused to talk to her, she is either ignorant, completely stupid, or doesnt care if Lennie wants her there or not When he refused again she knelt beside him she will not take no for an answer She uses emotional blackmail on Lennie, as she says she gets awful lonely, which shows she is very crafty and actually cleverer then she is made out to be, though she doesnt use her intelligence for positive things. When she sees the puppy Why, hes stone-dead we see that she is chocked, and wary of Lennie now. This also shows us that she has got a heart When she starts telling her story, neither of the two listen to each other. She doesnt seem to care though, and refuses to see that Lennie isnt interested. We find out the reason for her movie star addiction, and see her naivety as she actually thinks the man wrote to her I never got that letterI always thought my ol lady stole it. We find out she married out of spite So I married Curley. This explains her constant flirting with men, she does not love Curley in any way.She is very worldly-minded as she wants them nice clothes like they movie stars wear instead of the actual fa me. This shows she doesnt really understand what being famous is and thinks its all about nice clothes. When she realises Lennie isnt listening she turns angrily on him. She thinks her story is amazing, and that she really could be famous, and that everyone should think her life is the most interesting thing in the world. She actually moved away from him a little when he moves close to her, giving us another soak up of her, that she is not a tart, and doesnt actually like men being close to her Overall, she dies because of her vanity. She invites Lennie to feel her hair. She dies of her own stupidity, as she is too scared to shut up. She dies because she is too naive, to trusting, and much too vain. Let go, you let go Steinbeck portrays her as a girl throughout the entire book. Everytime he mentions her he calls her a girl giving us a contrast between the sexy arrogant woman and the young naive girl. lots of how he sees her is portrayed in death.He says that all the meanness, plann ings, discontent, and ache for attention, are all gone. This shows us that all of her bad qualitys have been made by life, life has made her bitter. He says that her rouge cheeks and reddened lips made her alive in away.This gives the impression that she is inculpable in death, that she is almost a quiescence beauty, and that she is now at peace with herself. In death, she is the poster girl she always wanted to be, and this is how Steinbeck sees her. I think he sees her as a dupe, as in death we see a poor innocent girl, not a heartless selfish women. I personally think Curleys wife is a victim in Of Mice And Men. Life has been hard for her, she has been overcome with pride, pity, lies, stupidity and vanity. She actually died because of her own stupidity, and her death was partially her fault.I feel that her victim qualities outweigh her villain qualities. Yes she always found others to blame, found the bad in people, and criticised everyone in sight. She was lonely, and her mist akes in life backfired on her. I think that the part of the book that shows us she was a victim was not where she was murdered, but actually, was before we even met her, when the boys were talking about her in the barn. When George and Lennie immediately believe what Candy says and immediately stereotype her. The sentence which most classes Curleys wife as a victim were the words I think Curleys married a tart.

Historical and Scientific Perspectives on Homosexuality Essay

Historical and scientific Perspectives on homosexualismIs humanity a choice or genetic? Homosexuality is becoming much and more common all over the cosmea. There be many divergent perspectives and theories regarding homosexuality. There atomic number 18 historic, culture, species, scientific, and psychological perspectives on being a homosexual soulfulness scarce which is true and which is simply a theory. Homosexual PerspectivesHistorically being a gay man or a lesbian was a sin. According to the reading sodomy is a sin and was most likely the reason why Sodom was sunk all those years ago. Historically any release of sperm non meant for procreation is a sin. However, in ancient Greece it was common for established men to form sexual relationships with young men about the term of growing a beard. There are pictures on vases that depict a man inserting his penis surrounded by a boys legs but not in the anus. I cipher that given the historical views of homosexual behavior s it makes some people guess that it is still wrong and should still be hidden from people.It in any case depends on how a somebody was raised in my opinion. If a person was raised to believe that it is a sin to enter into homosexual relationships consequently they will try to hide it from everyone for as long as possible. However, if a person was raised to believe that there is nothing wrong with being homosexual then they will be more likely to be open about it. (Rathus, 2011) A study was make in 76 preliterate countries as to if manful-male relationships were considered to be acceptable. In 49 of these countries it was considered to be normal and acceptable for male-male relationships. However, the other 27 countries had sanctions if you were caught in male-male relationships. Another study was done years later that was of 70 of the worlds non-European societies and the prevalence of male-male relationships. 41% of the 70 found that male-male sexual relationships were pres ent but uncommon. The other 59% claimed that it was rare or absent in their societies. In some countrieslike New Guinea it is considered a rite of passage for boys between the ages of 7 and 10 to leave their homes and move into a clubhouse with insipid boys and adult males. While living there they would fellate the older boys and tope their semen. They are encouraged to drink as much semen as possible to give them a rise in puberty.However, in their late teens early 20s they are expected to take a bride and enter in exclusively into male-female relationships. I see that homosexuals would be more open about their homosexuality depending on if it is accepted in the alliance that they live in. There are many reasons as to why people hide that they are homosexual from those around them but I think that the most common reason is that they feel that they will not be accepted by others if they tell. (Rathus, 2011) In the animal kingdom it is not uncommon for there to be male-male or fe male-female sexual relationships. However, in male-male relationships in the animal kingdom it is usually an act of dominance not pleasure. This is very similar to the behaviors of male and female inmates or those with limited access to the opposite gender. In prison there is a dominant and submissive person involved in these male-male and female-female sexual relationships. (Rathus, 2011) Coming out(p) and AdjustingWhen a gay male or a lesbian announces that they are a gay male or lesbian it is commonly referred to as coming out. I think that depending on the person and the participation that they live in it is easy to come out. If you live in a society that accepts it even if they do not approve of it then it is easier to come out to people. It also depends on the support that a person has around them. If a person has a good support system than they will have an easier age coming out. However, if they feel that they will be scorned, mocked, harassed, or any other form of teasi ng then they will be less likely to come out. (Rathus, 2011) I think that the adjustment is the alike(p) for homosexuals as it is for heterosexuals. It is more of a lifestyle choice and therefore depending on how you live your life you will be happy. However, before a person comes out they may be very stressed, tense, overwhelmed, or any get of other feeling and emotions because they are hiding who they are from the world. Personal BeliefsI do not think that the historical or scientific reasons from the readinghave really shaped my sexual orientation. I think that religion might have a part in some peoples lives but me personally I think that a person should be judged for who they are not for their sexuality. Scientifically, I think that there is possibly a gene in the human body that causes you to be gay or lesbian but I do not think that I have that gene if it does exist. I think that I like who I like regardless of what other people think. Homosexuality is different for every p erson. There are people who are proud to be homosexual and there are people who are ashamed of being a homosexual. I think that this all depends on how a person is raised and what their beliefs are on the subject. No two people are exactly the same and this is true of homosexuals as well. What works for one person might not work for another person. Homosexuality is only on aspect of a persons life and thus a person should not be judged and treated differently for this one aspect of their life.ReferencesRathus, S. A., Nevid, J.S., and Fichner-Rathus, L. (2011). Human sexuality in a world of diversity (8th ed.) Boston, MA Allyn and Bacon.